Gypsum board, as the mainstream material for building partitions and ceilings, cannot be produced without highly specialized complete sets of equipment. From raw material grinding to finished product packaging, the entire production line includes more than ten core equipment, and each link needs to be closely coordinated to achieve efficient and stable production capacity output. The following is a classification and functional analysis of key equipment for gypsum board production lines.
1、 Raw material processing equipment: the "first step" in laying the foundation for production
The core raw material of gypsum board is building gypsum powder (desulfurization gypsum or natural gypsum). The task of raw material processing equipment is to calcine raw gypsum to mature gypsum and accurately control its fineness and moisture content.
Calcination system: including rotary kiln, boiling furnace and other equipment, which removes crystallization water from dihydrate gypsum (CaSO ₄· 2H ₂ O) at high temperature (about 150 ℃) and converts it into hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO ₄· 0.5H ₂ O), determining the setting speed and strength of gypsum board.
Grinding machine: Raymond mill, ball mill and other equipment will further grind the calcined gypsum to a fineness of 200-300 mesh, ensuring the uniformity of subsequent mixing.
Ingredient system: Electronic scales and screw conveyors are used to add starch, coagulants, foaming agents and other auxiliary materials according to the formula ratio. The automation control accuracy reaches ± 0.5%, ensuring stable product quality.
2、 Forming equipment: the core link that determines the shape of the sheet metal
Forming is a key step in the production of gypsum board, which requires the rapid solidification and shaping of gypsum slurry into boards of specified thickness.
Slurry mixer: The high-speed mixing drum (speed ≥ 120 revolutions per minute) mixes gypsum powder with water and auxiliary materials to form a uniform slurry. The mixing time is controlled at 3-5 minutes to avoid residual bubbles.
Forming station: The core equipment is an integrated machine for "paper feeding, slurry distribution, and paper feeding". Gypsum slurry is evenly distributed between the upper and lower protective papers through a slurry box, and the distribution of slurry is assisted by a vibration platform. The thickness is precisely adjusted by a roller pressing system (error ≤ 0.2mm).
Solidification belt: A steam heating device is installed below the conveyor belt to accelerate the solidification of gypsum (about 5-8 minutes), forming initial strength for subsequent cutting.
3、 Cutting and drying equipment: an accelerator for improving production capacity and accuracy
The formed wet board needs to be cut to standard size and dried to remove free moisture (moisture content reduced from 20% to ≤ 5%).
Horizontal cutting machine: The hydraulic driven disc cutter group quickly cuts wet plates according to the set length (such as 1200mm, 2400mm), with a speed of 10-15 meters per minute.
Vertical cutting machine: Multiple sets of saw blades work synchronously to divide wide wet plates into standard widths (such as 600mm, 900mm), with an accuracy error of ≤ 1mm.
Drying machine: Multi layer tunnel drying kiln (length 30-50 meters) is divided into three stages of temperature control: preheating section (80 ℃), main drying section (180 ℃), and cooling section (50 ℃). The hot air circulation system saves more than 30% energy.
4、 Surface Treatment and Packaging Equipment: The 'Last Pass' of Finished Product Quality
To improve the aesthetics and transportation safety of gypsum board, edge trimming and automated packaging are required.
Edge trimming machine: Diamond cutting tools cut off the rough edges of the sheet, ensuring the perpendicularity of the four corners (error ≤ 0.5mm), and avoiding cracks during installation.
Automatic stacker crane: The robotic arm arranges the finished boards neatly in layers (usually 10 layers per stack), and cooperates with the wrapping film packaging machine or cardboard packaging machine to complete the final packaging.
Quality inspection equipment: online thickness gauge, flexural strength tester, real-time detection of sheet parameters, automatic removal of non-conforming products, ensuring a factory pass rate of ≥ 99%.
Conclusion
The complete set of gypsum board equipment includes five modules: raw material processing, forming, cutting, drying, and packaging. Each type of equipment needs to be highly matched with the production line rhythm. With the development of the trend of "green building materials", new energy-saving calcination furnaces, waste heat recovery drying systems and other equipment are becoming the upgrading direction of the industry. For investors, choosing complete sets of equipment with high automation and low energy consumption can not only reduce labor costs, but also enhance product competitiveness and seize the opportunity in the wave of construction industrialization.